Understanding the higher education system in Germany
When researching universities in Germany, you’ll soon come across the two most common types of higher education institutions: Research Universities (Universitäten) and Universities of Applied Sciences (Fachhochschulen). Each serves different educational needs and career goals, catering to a diverse range of students. Only if you want to study film, art, or music, you’d look at a third type of university, the Universities for Music and Theatre, or Film.
We have prepared a short video for you that goes into more detail regarding the first two types of universities in Germany. Additionally, you can find a table below that compares various aspects, helping you better understand the differences between the two most common types of German universities.
Research Universities vs. Universities of Applied Sciences in Germany
A Quick Reference Guide
| Research Universities | University of Applied Sciences |
| 1. Academic Focus | 1. Academic Focus |
| Research Universities emphasize theoretical knowledge and academic research, offering a broad range of subjects such as humanities, natural sciences, social sciences, and engineering. Students at these institutions have ample opportunities to engage in cutting-edge research projects, often working alongside renowned professors. | Universities of Applied Sciences focus on practical and applied knowledge, preparing students directly for professional careers. Their programs are often more specialized, particularly in fields like engineering, business, social sciences, and design. |
| 2. Teaching Style | 2. Teaching Style |
| The curriculum at Research Universities is more theory-oriented, with a strong focus on academic and scientific knowledge. Teaching is often conducted through large lectures, seminars, and tutorials, which may be less interactive compared to the smaller classroom setting of a University of Applied Sciences. | The curriculum at Universities of Applied Sciences includes practical training, laboratory work, and real-world projects. Teaching is often conducted in smaller classes, allowing for more interaction between students and instructors and a more hands-on learning experience. |
| 3. Student Body Size | 3. Student Body Size |
| Research Universities typically have a larger student body compared to Universities of Applied Sciences. This larger enrollment can result in a more diverse academic environment but may also mean less individualized attention for students. | Universities of Applied Sciences typically have a smaller student body compared to Research Universities. This smaller enrollment fosters a closer-knit academic community and often results in more personalized support for students. |
| 4. Attention to Students | 4. Attention to Students |
| Students at Research Universities are expected to be more self-directed and independent in their studies. While support is available, students often have to take the initiative to seek help and resources. Students need to be quite independent, self-reliant, and in charge of their education. | Students at Universities of Applied Sciences receive more personalized attention from faculty, with greater emphasis on mentoring and guidance. This supportive environment is especially helpful to international students. It can enhance the learning experience and help students succeed academically and professionally. |
| 5. Internship Opportunities | 5. Internship Opportunities |
| Internships at Research Universities are encouraged but not always a formal part of the curriculum. Students often need to arrange internships independently, which can provide flexibility but may require additional effort to secure placements. | Universities of Applied Sciences have strong connections with industries, with many programs designed in collaboration with businesses and organizations. This close industry linkage often leads to better job placement rates for graduates, as they are well-prepared for the workforce. |
| 6. Duration of Study | 6. Duration of Study |
| Completing a Bachelor’s degree at a Research University generally takes three years (six semesters). The focus on theory and research-related knowledge and skills expertly prepares students for a Master’s degree program. | A Bachelor’s degree at a University of Applied Sciences typically takes seven to eight semesters to complete because of the mandatory internship period. This duration ensures that students receive both theoretical knowledge and practical training. |
| 7. Connection to Industry | 7. Connection to Industry |
| Research Universities maintain connections to industry primarily through academic and research collaborations rather than direct professional training. These partnerships can enhance students’ research experience and networking opportunities. | Universities of Applied Sciences have strong connections with industries, with many programs designed in collaboration with businesses and organizations. This close industry linkage often leads to better job placement rates for graduates, as they are well-prepared for the workforce |
Other Important Factors
Admission Requirements
Admission to Research Universities is often based on academic performance and may require higher entry qualifications, including proficiency in German for many programs. In contrast, admission to Universities of Applied Sciences may focus more on relevant practical experience and qualifications, with many programs offered in English, even at the undergraduate level.
Career Prospects
Graduates of Research Universities are well-prepared for academic, research, and theoretical roles, with many continuing their studies with a Master’s or Ph.D. program. Graduates of Universities of Applied Sciences are ready to enter the workforce immediately, with practical skills and experience that are highly valued by employers. They also have the choice to continue their studies with a Master’s or Ph.D program.
What type of university is best for you?
It really comes down to your academic interest, career goals, and preferred learning style.
Both types of institutions offer high-quality education and unique advantages, and both allow you to continue your academic career by pursuing a graduate degree if you so choose.
To help you start your research of German universities, we have some links for you:
- Check out the DAAD Database for international programs (programs taught in English) HERE
- Check your admissions qualifications HERE.
Should you have specific questions regarding studying in Germany, please drop us a note and contact us!
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